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Paul, the Manager of a manufacturing unit in Noida, employed various strategies to address the production shortfall of 850 balls out of the 1,000- ball target. Furthermore, what crucial initial steps he might have overlooked during the process of analysing deviations and implementing corrective measures?

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(i) Setting performance standards: The first step in the controlling process is to set the performance standards. Standards are those criteria, on which the actual performances are measured. These standards serve as a benchmark towards which an organisation strives to work.

(ii) Measurement of actual performance: After the establishment of standards, the next step is measuring the actual performance with the set standards. This can be done by opting several methods like personal observation, sample checking, performance reports, etc.

(iii) Comparison of actual performance with standards: In this step, the actual performances are compared with the established standards. Such comparisons reveal the deviation between planned and actual results.

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