Read the following passage carefully:
(1) Without specialised equipment, humans would be lost in these deep-sea habitats, so how do fish make it seem so easy? Much of this is due to a biological phenomenon known as electroreception - the ability to perceive and act upon electrical stimuli as part of the overall senses. This ability is only found in aquatic and amphibious species because water is an efficient conductor of electricity.
(2) One fascinating use of electroreception has been observed between the weakly electric fish. When two such electric fish meet in the ocean using the same frequency, each fish will then shift the frequency of its discharge so that they are transmitting on different frequencies. Doing so prevents their electroreception faculties from becoming jammed.
(3) Electroreception can also play an important role in animal defences. Rays are one such example. Young ray embryos develop inside egg cases that are attached to the sea bed. The embryos keep their tails in constant motion to pump water and allow them to breathe through the egg's casing. If the embryo's electroreceptors detect the presence of a predatory fish in the vicinity, however, the embryo stops moving (and in doing so, ceases transmitting electric currents) until the predator has moved on.
(4) Many people fear swimming in the ocean because of sharks. Sharks hunt with extraordinary precision. They initially lock on to their prey through a keen sense of smell. As the shark reaches in proximity of its prey, it tunes into electrical signals that ensure a precise strike on its target; this sense is so strong that the shark even attacks blind by letting its eyes recede for protection. In areas where shark attacks on humans are likely to occur, scientists are exploring ways to create artificial electroreceptors. These would disorient the sharks and repel them from swimming beaches.
Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:
(i) Infer the advantage that aquatic or amphibious species have over human beings. Answer in about 40 words.
(ii) A possible use for electroreception that will benefit humans is to:
(A) use water as it is an efficient conductor of electricity.
(B) act on electrical stimuli.
(C) change electrical frequency to prevent it from being jammed.
(D) jam electrical frequencies.
(iii) Explain in about 40 words the use of electroreception between the weakly electric fish.
(iv) Identify a young ray embryo from the following:
(A) It fears electric signals.
(B) It keeps its tail in constant motion.
(C) It stations itself on land.
(D) It disorients sharks.
(v) Complete the sentence appropriately.
A shark hunts with accuracy because _____
(vi) Why does a shark recede its eyes when it attacks?
(vii) In areas where shark attacks on humans are likely to occur, scientists:
(A) suggest putting barriers.
(B) are exploring ways to create artificial electroreceptors.
(C) suggest blinding them.
(D) are exploring ways to warn swimmers.
(viii) State True or False.
The title - 'Understanding Electroreception and its Uses is Significant for Human Beings' is appropriate for this passage.