The methods that are useful to prevent fertilization even when ovulation occurs are:
(c) only P, Q, and S
Explanation:
P) Surgical blocking of the fallopian tube: This method prevents the egg from meeting sperm by blocking the fallopian tube, which is the site of fertilization.
Q) Copper-T: Copper-T is an intrauterine device (IUD) that prevents fertilization by altering the uterine environment, making it less conducive for fertilization. It also has a spermicidal effect.
R) Oral pills: Oral contraceptive pills, commonly known as birth control pills, primarily prevent ovulation from occurring. However, they also thicken cervical mucus and alter the uterine lining, making it less favorable for fertilization if ovulation does occur.
S) Condom: Condoms are a barrier method that physically prevents sperm from reaching the egg, thus preventing fertilization.
So, the correct option is (c) only P, Q, and S.